1 thought on “I am a chemical industry. I want to learn the knowledge of plastic and thermal spray!”
Emilio
1. Hot spray ceramic powder
The hot spray ceramic powder mainly refers to oxides, carbides, nitride, boronized and silicone powder. The commonly used hot spray ceramic powder mainly includes Al2O3, ZRO2, TIO2, TIO2 , WC, CR2O3, etc. The ceramic coating has outstanding advantages such as high hardness, abrasion resistance and heat resistance. The use of plasma spraying can solve the problem of high material melting points. Almost all ceramic materials can be sprayed, and some ceramic coatings can be obtained with flames.
2, hot spray plastic
This spray plastic on metal and non -metal surfaces, which has a beautiful and corrosion resistance. If the hard phase is added to the plastic powder, the coating can also have a certain abrasion resistance. Polyethylene coating can resist 250 ° C temperature, resisting dilute sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid corrosion at room temperature, and has the resistance to concentrated hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and phosphate. It also has insulation and self -lubricating characteristics. Commonly used thermal spray plastic also include nylon and epoxy resin. The hot spraying technology is a new technology that is strengthened and protected on the surface of the material. It occupies an important position in surface modification technology. This technology began in the 1950s and formed a climate in the late 1970s. At present, the rapid development and improvement of equipment, materials, technology, scientific research, etc. have become an important part of surface technology. Its development trend is: equipment (spray guns) to develop towards high energy, high -speed, high -speed; materials in the direction of series, standardization, and commercialization to ensure the needs of multi -functional and high -quality coating; Development, such as computer control, robotic operations, etc. Today, thermal spraying technology has been widely used in all areas of the national economy, and the promotion and application prospects are broad.
. The new development of hot spray equipment
recently accelerated the pace of equipment development and production. At present, a complete development and production system has been formed. The unit is engaged in the development and production of thermal spray equipment, which can produce various types of oxygen acetylene flame spraying equipment and spraying equipment; new arc spraying equipment; complete sets of plasma spray coating equipment, spray welding equipment; various types of special machine tools; hot spray air purification equipment, front, front Processing and post -processing equipment. There are more than 100 single -machine varieties. These products are developed and produced, ensuring the development of thermal spray technology. The more prominent ones are:
1, high -speed flame spraying device is currently introduced from abroad HVOF), (HVAF) and supersonic plasma spraying equipment are characterized by high particle flight speed, high coating and matrix binding strength, and low pore rate. These equipment have been played in aerospace, aviation, metallurgy, chemical and electricity and other industries. Important role. However, the above -mentioned imported equipment is expensive, and fuel (propane, acrylonitris) is not easy to popularize. In response to the above situations, combined with my country's national conditions, the Sichuan Great Wall Spraying Technology Research Institute has developed a high -speed spray gun with the heat source of oxyety flames. Due to the restrictions on the pressure of acetylene, although the particle flight speed does not reach the supersonic speed, it has increased by 4 to 5 times compared with the conventional oxyety acetylene flame powder spraying speed, which is also 1 to 2 times higher than the normal pressure plasma spraying. The spray metal and alloy powder materials include Al2O3-TIO2-CO-WC, as well as hot-shaped powder such as polyethylene and nylon. In addition, Xi'an Jiaotong University and other units have developed a successful high -speed flame (HVOF) spraying device and began to apply.
2, the high -speed arc spraying device is because the arc spraying has the advantages of high -intensity, low energy consumption, low cost and so on. It plays an important role in the thermal corrosion of the large -scale long -term protection engineering and power station boiler pipeline in the large area of steel structure parts. On the basis of ordinary arc spraying, the National Institute of Organization and Research Equipment Engineering Center of the National Industry and Research and Research Equipment Engineering Center and Xi'an Second Artillery Engineering School recently developed a high -speed arc spraying gun. The airflow speed is as high as 600m/s or more. Many other indicators are better than ordinary arc spraying and are currently being promoted and applied.
3, oxygen-acetylene flame flour spraying device oxygen-acetylene flame powder spraying technology is currently widely promoted and applied in China, almost all large companies use it as a means of repairing the old and waste Essence Shanghai, Jiangsu, Wuhan, Sichuan and other places have developed and produced a variety of models of spraying and spraying welded guns, which have been widely served for spraying units. The Shanghai Welding Cutting Machinery Factory has recently improved the foundation of the original QHT-7/H flame spray gun. Two sets of nozzles are used to use two kinds of heat sources: oxygen, oxygen flames and oxygen, liquefied petroleum gas (home bottle). The use of bottled liquefied petroleum gas as flawed gas can greatly reduce costs and bring greater convenience to spraying operations.
4. The 621 Institute of Gas Burning Spraying Device Aerospace Corporation has been developed from the 1960s. A complete set of gas explosion spraying devices have been placed. Many high -density and high -quality coatings have been sprayed, and the equipment has reached or close to similar foreign products. Beijing Great Wall Titanium Corporation has cooperated with Ukraine in recent years to establish Beijing Titanus New Materials Co., Ltd., a Sino -foreign joint venture, and introduced Ukraine's explosive spray equipment manufacturing technology. Outside users, they have been sold to the United States and Taiwan.
5, oxygen-acetylene flame plastic powder spraying device in recent years, oxygen-acetylene flames, boiling pollination methods, and plastic powder with special spray guns can be used to obtain flat and smooth plastic coating. This provides a new method for large workpieces, various tanks, and pipeline coating plastic coatings. To this end, the Shenyang Hot Spraying Plant, Wuhan Materials Protection Research Institute, and the School of Armored Army Engineering have successively developed different models of flame plastic powder spraying devices, and conducted large -scale construction, which has received good results. Among them, the successful FSP-II plastic powder flame spray gun performance developed by Wuhan Materials Protection Research Institute reached the level of UTP company I-SPRAY-JET spray gun.
6, new plasma spraying guns, Tsinghua University and other units have successfully developed the QZNI high -energy inner hole plasma spray gun. The sedimentary ratio reaches the level of the METCO large inner hole. Recently, the Beijing Institute of Entropy Cole Applied Technology has developed a new type of plasma spray gun in BT-G1, BT-G2, BT-G3, and BT-NI large inner hole spray guns. The cylindrical super fine powder powder and physical method cooling system, the level of domestic plasma spraying equipment has been on a new step, shortening the gap with foreign equipment levels.
7, new sandblasting equipment has been developed successfully in Beijing, Shanghai and other places, and has successfully developed small recyclable sandblast equipment and large environmentally friendly sandblasting equipment, which greatly improves labor conditions and reduces environmental pollution. It has played a positive role in promoting the development of my country's thermal spray technology.
. The new development of the hot spray material
The people call the hot spray material "food" with hot spray. The performance, quality, and variety of spray materials are one of the important standards for measuring the quality of coating, and it is also a key factor affecting economic benefits. Although the hot spray materials in my country have started late, they have developed rapidly since the 1970s. At present, more than 40 manufacturers have produced nearly 100 varieties, which can basically meet domestic needs. The thermal spray materials developed and produced by these studies and production units can be divided into (recent new varieties):
1, powder materials Beijing Minemel Research Institute's successful oxidation -oxidation 氧The hotcolic coating material, and the bottom layer of nickel -chromium -aluminum and cobalt oxidation of nickel -chromium and aluminum cobalt that has anti -high temperature oxidation has been widely used on the aviation engine; The item index also meets the requirements; the successful nickel chromium-chromium carbide composite powder materials developed by the Beijing Mineral and Metallurgical Research Institute have been used as a anti-high temperature corrosion-resistant coating on many power plant boiler water and cold wall tubes. The successful development of alumina and aluminum oxide-titanium oxide powder has been widely used on textile machinery and metallurgy equipment. The successful CRB2 powder developed by the plant has initially achieved results The General Institute adopts the XTIC YCR3C2 Zni composite ceramic material developed by the self-spread method, which is suitable for plasma spraying, the hardness of the coating can reach 54HRC, which can resist 800 ° C at high temperature; Widely promoted and applied; the successful development of molybdenum -based alloy powder in Sichuan and other places has been successfully applied to the spray of car synchronization ring.
2, Silk Material Beijing University of Technology has been successfully developed and produced in batches of rare earth elements. The body shape is suitable for arc and flame spraying. The average binding strength of the coating is 50MPa, the pore rate is less than 7%, and the average hardness of the coating is 40-50hrc. Ni-Al alloy wire, and Ni-CR alloy wire (equivalent to the 45ct of TAFA in the United States) for the arc spraying for high temperature corrosion and grinding particles; Organic metal composite coatings successfully replaced the 45ct of TAFA in the United States; Shenyang University of Technology has developed the iron-based alloy alloy arc spraying base silk to replace aluminum bronze wires; Shanghai, Beijing, Zhejiang, Sichuan and other places developed and produced Fe-CR. -Al silk, Al-MG alloy silk, Zn-Al alloy silk, and Pasal alloy silk.
3, plastic powder is based on the development and development of oxygen acetylene flame spraying. On the basis of the powder such as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, etc. Powder has widened the application range of plastic coatings and has been applied in anticorrosive engineering.
4, the rod is introduced into the American ceramic rod spraying material, which has been successfully applied in textile machinery. The domestic trial -made ceramic rods and flexible ceramic silk have been released, and it will soon be promoted to the market. The above materials are new varieties that have appeared in China recently. The development and production of these materials has created favorable conditions for the development of my country's thermal spray technology.
. The new development of thermal spray technology
The hot spray technology has been widely promoted and applied in China. The development trend and characteristics in recent years are:
(1) Large -scale long -term protection technology has been widely used for steel structure parts that have long been exposed to outdoor atmosphere for a long time. Catholic protection has carried out long -term atmospheric anti -corrosion, and has developed rapidly in recent years. Such as TV iron tower, bridge, highway facilities, sluice gates, microbucta, high -voltage power transmission tower, underground cable brackets, voyage label floating drums, vertical wells, and other large projects, all use aluminum, zinc and its alloy methods for anticorrosion. At present, dozens of professional spray plants in China are engaged in this aspect, and the spray area is more than millions of square meters per year. This technology has not only been promoted in China, but also has been well promoted and applied in foreign aid projects.
(2) Use thermal spray technology to repair and strengthen large -scale key equipment and imported components. In recent years, there have been many successful application examples in this regard, such as: one meter and seven rolling machines, high -speed fan rotors, large -scale large -scale rolling machines, large -scale fan rotations, large -scale large -scale turns, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale turns, large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale wind turbines. Squeeze the plunger, large gear, electrode squeeze molding mouth, high -power car crankshaft, etc. The progress of these tasks is to solve the emergency needs of production; the other is to save a large number of foreign exchange.
(3) The application of supersonic flame spray technology With the development and improvement of my country's thermal spray technology, the quality requirements for spray coating are also getting higher and higher. In recent years, high -speed gas (HVOF) method developed by the United States in recent years is a new process method for preparing high -quality coating. Due to the advantages of supersonic flame spraying methods, nearly a dozen equipment has been introduced from abroad in China, and the industrial departments have played an important role in various industrial departments.
(4) Gas degeneration spraying technology is further applied to the spraying technology because the particle flight speed can reach more than 800m/s or more Application in some areas is better than other spraying methods. More than 10 units have been installed in China.
(5) The development of oxygen acetylene flame plastic powder spraying technology has developed rapidly as mentioned earlier. In recent years, many domestic production of oxygen acetylene flame powder spraying equipment has been used. Chemical storage tanks, pipelines, ceramic industries, mud mud frames, guidance rolling rollers in the printing and dyeing industry, coal industry belt -type transport aircraft cast iron trap, petroleum industry gathering equipment, and surface decoration have been well applied to make up for it to make up for it to make up for it The lack of electric spray plastic. A new way is opened for the application of plastic coatings.
(6) The use of heat -spraying technology in chemical anti -corrosion engineering is one of the main reasons for mechanical components to be invalidated by the chemical or electrochemical effects of the surrounding media. It is not only lost to a large amount of metal materials, but it is more difficult to estimate the loss of production, so people attach great importance to chemical anticorrosive work. The hot spray coating is applied to the corrosion medium, especially the strong corrosion of the agglomeration. The main reason for the previous failure to break through was that the perforated agent failed to solve it. As we all know, the spray coating has pores. If the pores are not seized, various acid, alkali, and organic media will be immersed in the pores, causing the coating to fall off and affect the anticorrosive effect. According to the requirements of anticorrosive engineering, my country has recently developed dozens of pore sealing agents such as polyester type, organic polymer type, resin type, plastic type, adhesive dosage type, etc. It is suitable for the corrosion of acid, alkali, salt and organic corrosion. The environment, its use temperature is 80 ~ 350 ℃. The ceramic coating, oxide coating or metal or alloy coating is adopted. According to different media, appropriate pore sealing agents have been used in many chemical corrosive media, and the effect is good. The sealing agent has won a patent and a national invention award. The successful research of these holes has made new progress in the application of thermal spray technology in chemical anticorrosive engineering.
(7) Laser heavy melting technology has begun to apply in recent years. High -frequency induction retreat and vacuum induction heavy melting are only applied within a certain range. Laser re -melting technology has done small area tests a few years ago and has not been widely used. Recently, Tsinghua University has used laser remodeling technology in valve production, and Shanghai Second Textile Machinery Factory has applied laser heavy melting technology to textile machinery.
(8) Thermal spraying technology has also been used in terms of building decoration medical and health care in Sichuan, Shanghai, Shenyang, Yunnan and other places in recent years. After receiving a good results, such as the peacock opening of the Peacock in Shenyang International Shopping Mall uses hot spray technology. With the development and improvement of thermal spray technology, this technology has penetrated into other fields. For example, the biological field uses hot spraying methods to create artificial bones. At present, there are more than 200 domestic clinic, and the effect is very good. In addition, the artificial teeth manufactured by the thermal spray method have also been used.
. Further promotion to the application of hot spray technical significance
On abrasion and corrosion is the main cause of the failure of materials and components. According to relevant data reports, the loss caused by wear and corrosion of developed countries accounted for about 3%to 5%of the total output value of the national economy. In 1993, my country ’s losses caused by corrosion reached more than 100 billion yuan, with an average of as much as 300 million yuan per day. In 1994, the total output value of my country's national economy was 430 billion yuan. If the calculation of 4%was calculated, it was more than 170 billion yuan, and the direct economic benefits of the promotion and application of thermal spray technology during the "8th Five -Year Plan" period were about 3.5 billion yuan. With the further improvement of people's requirements for material performance, more in -depth research and exploration of thermal spray equipment, technology, materials, etc. will be made. According to the data, the hot spraying process as an excellent surface modification technology has broad development prospects, and further promoting and applying this technology is of great significance.
The introduction of plastic [1] Plastic is a synthetic polymer compound {polymer (polymer)}, which can also be called polymer or giant (), which is also commonly known as commonly known as Plastic (Plastics) or resin (Resin) can freely change the shape. It is a material that is converged by a single raw material to synthesize or synthesis reactions. It consists of synthetic resin and filling, plasticizer, stabilizer, lubricant, and color material. Its main component is synthetic resin. Resin [2] This term was originally named after the lipids secreted by animals and plants, such as rosin, insect glue, etc. At present, resin refers to a high cluster that has not been mixed with various additives. The resin accounts for about 40 % to 100 % of the total weight of the plastic. The basic performance of plastic is mainly determined by the nature of the resin, but additives also plays an important role. Some plastics are basically composed of synthetic resin, without or less additives, such as organic glass, polystyrene, etc. The so -called plastic is actually one of the synthetic resin. The shape is similar to the pine resin in natural resin, but it is called plastic because it is synthesized by the power of chemistry. If according to the definition of the American Materials Test Association, plastic is a material with high molecular weight organic substances as the main ingredient. It presents a solid shape when processing is completed. Flow) to shape. Therefore, through this explanation, we can get the following items: ● It is a polymer organic compound ● It can exist in various types, such as liquid solid colloidal solution and other ● It can be formed ● Different types of plastic ● Different use of different monomer compositions. You can use different machining methods (METHOD) The nouns of plastic and resin are often mixed. Figure 1.1 is the process of plastic production. FIG. 1.1 Plastic production process M plastic can be divided into two types of thermosetry and thermal plasticity. There are basically two types of plastic polymer structure: the first is a line structure, and the polymer compound with this structure is called a line -type polymer compound; the second is the body structure, which has a polymerization of this structure. Called as a meta -molecular compound. Some polymers have branches, called support chain polymer, which belong to a line structure. Although some polymers have cross -linking between molecules, they have fewer cross -linking. They are called mesh structures and belong to the body structure. The molecular structure classification of polymer: (A) line structure (b) Line structure (with branches) (C) mesh structure (molecular chain A small amount of cross -linking) (d) Body structure (a large number of crosslinks between molecular chains) , two different structures show two opposite properties. Line -type structure (including branches) Hypersis is elastic and plastic, which can be dissolved in the solvent, heating and melting, and smaller hardness and brittleness in the solvent. Because there is no independent macromolecular existence, there is no elasticity and plasticity because there is no independent macromolecules. It cannot be dissolved and melted. Plastics are common in both structures. They are made of armoplastic plastic by line -type polymer, and thermal plastic is made from the body type polymer. This plastic and other materials have the following features: u003C1> Chemical erosion resistance u003C2> is bright or translucent u003C3> major parts For good insulators u003C4> Light and strong and strong u003C5> Processing is easy to produce in large quantities, cheap u003C6> Wide, highly effective, easy to color, part of high temperature resistance some high temperature Plastic is also divided into pan -use plastic and engineering plastics, which are mainly defined by the wide range of uses. For example, PE and PP are cheap and can be used for production on a variety of different types of machines. Engineering plastics are more expensive, but the stability of the raw materials and physical properties are much better. Generally speaking, it has both the characteristics of rigidity and toughness. Table 1.1 is a plastic raw material control table. 1 to 8 is generalized plastic, and the 9th and 10th are agglomerated between the two. It is generally called PP, HDPE, LDPE, PVC and PS as five pan -used plastic. Table 1.1 Common plastic raw material control table scientific name English for short n Chinese scientific name commonly known as n pp polypropylene
high density HDPE Low -density polyethylene
Linear Low Density LLDPE Linear low -density polyethylene npolyvinyl chloride PVC n polyvinyl chloride n R n General Purpose GPPS The general -class polystyrene n hard glue n EPS Ethylene Foam glue
high impact HIPS R n as, san r — transparent and strong glue n-bitadiene-stylene ABS Polymhylene concentration super fragmentation
PMMA NethyLene-Vinyl Eva The co-polymers of ethylene-acetate ethylene rubber glue n pet Essence Colin
PBT n Polymine nylon
PC Carbonate trees BTS n POM Facin aldehyde Said steel, section of steel
PPO n
PPS The polybenzene sulfe ether
r Edit this paragraph] Plastic characteristics plastic mainly has the following characteristics: ① Most plastic is light quality, chemical stability, and will not rust; ② good impact resistance; ③ has good transparency and Abrasion resistance; ④ good insulation, low thermal conductivity; ⑤ general moldability, good coloring, low processing costs; ⑥ Poor plastic heat resistance, large thermal expansion rate, and combustion; poor size stability and easy deformation; easy to deform; ⑧ Most plastic is resistant to low temperature, and it becomes crispy at low temperature; ⑨ is easy to aging; M plastic can be divided into two types of thermal solid and thermal plasticity. The structure of plastic polymer is basically two types: the first is a line structure, and the polymer compound with this structure is called a line -type polymer compound; the second is the body structure, which has this structure with this structure. High molecularization is collectively referred to as the body type polymer compound. Some polymers have branches, called support chain polymer, which belong to a line structure. Although some polymers have cross -linking between molecules, they have fewer cross -linking. They are called mesh structures and belong to the body structure. two different structures show two opposite performances. Line -type structure (including branches) Hypersis is elastic and plastic, which can be dissolved in the solvent, heating and melting, and smaller hardness and brittleness in the solvent. Because there is no independent macromolecular existence, there is no elasticity and plasticity because there is no independent macromolecules. It cannot be dissolved and melted. Plastics are common in both structures. They are made of armoplastic plastic by line -type polymer, and thermal plastic is made from the body type polymer.
1. Hot spray ceramic powder
The hot spray ceramic powder mainly refers to oxides, carbides, nitride, boronized and silicone powder. The commonly used hot spray ceramic powder mainly includes Al2O3, ZRO2, TIO2, TIO2 , WC, CR2O3, etc. The ceramic coating has outstanding advantages such as high hardness, abrasion resistance and heat resistance. The use of plasma spraying can solve the problem of high material melting points. Almost all ceramic materials can be sprayed, and some ceramic coatings can be obtained with flames.
2, hot spray plastic
This spray plastic on metal and non -metal surfaces, which has a beautiful and corrosion resistance. If the hard phase is added to the plastic powder, the coating can also have a certain abrasion resistance. Polyethylene coating can resist 250 ° C temperature, resisting dilute sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid corrosion at room temperature, and has the resistance to concentrated hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and phosphate. It also has insulation and self -lubricating characteristics. Commonly used thermal spray plastic also include nylon and epoxy resin.
The hot spraying technology is a new technology that is strengthened and protected on the surface of the material. It occupies an important position in surface modification technology. This technology began in the 1950s and formed a climate in the late 1970s. At present, the rapid development and improvement of equipment, materials, technology, scientific research, etc. have become an important part of surface technology. Its development trend is: equipment (spray guns) to develop towards high energy, high -speed, high -speed; materials in the direction of series, standardization, and commercialization to ensure the needs of multi -functional and high -quality coating; Development, such as computer control, robotic operations, etc. Today, thermal spraying technology has been widely used in all areas of the national economy, and the promotion and application prospects are broad.
. The new development of hot spray equipment
recently accelerated the pace of equipment development and production. At present, a complete development and production system has been formed. The unit is engaged in the development and production of thermal spray equipment, which can produce various types of oxygen acetylene flame spraying equipment and spraying equipment; new arc spraying equipment; complete sets of plasma spray coating equipment, spray welding equipment; various types of special machine tools; hot spray air purification equipment, front, front Processing and post -processing equipment. There are more than 100 single -machine varieties. These products are developed and produced, ensuring the development of thermal spray technology. The more prominent ones are:
1, high -speed flame spraying device is currently introduced from abroad HVOF), (HVAF) and supersonic plasma spraying equipment are characterized by high particle flight speed, high coating and matrix binding strength, and low pore rate. These equipment have been played in aerospace, aviation, metallurgy, chemical and electricity and other industries. Important role. However, the above -mentioned imported equipment is expensive, and fuel (propane, acrylonitris) is not easy to popularize. In response to the above situations, combined with my country's national conditions, the Sichuan Great Wall Spraying Technology Research Institute has developed a high -speed spray gun with the heat source of oxyety flames. Due to the restrictions on the pressure of acetylene, although the particle flight speed does not reach the supersonic speed, it has increased by 4 to 5 times compared with the conventional oxyety acetylene flame powder spraying speed, which is also 1 to 2 times higher than the normal pressure plasma spraying. The spray metal and alloy powder materials include Al2O3-TIO2-CO-WC, as well as hot-shaped powder such as polyethylene and nylon. In addition, Xi'an Jiaotong University and other units have developed a successful high -speed flame (HVOF) spraying device and began to apply.
2, the high -speed arc spraying device is because the arc spraying has the advantages of high -intensity, low energy consumption, low cost and so on. It plays an important role in the thermal corrosion of the large -scale long -term protection engineering and power station boiler pipeline in the large area of steel structure parts. On the basis of ordinary arc spraying, the National Institute of Organization and Research Equipment Engineering Center of the National Industry and Research and Research Equipment Engineering Center and Xi'an Second Artillery Engineering School recently developed a high -speed arc spraying gun. The airflow speed is as high as 600m/s or more. Many other indicators are better than ordinary arc spraying and are currently being promoted and applied.
3, oxygen-acetylene flame flour spraying device oxygen-acetylene flame powder spraying technology is currently widely promoted and applied in China, almost all large companies use it as a means of repairing the old and waste Essence Shanghai, Jiangsu, Wuhan, Sichuan and other places have developed and produced a variety of models of spraying and spraying welded guns, which have been widely served for spraying units. The Shanghai Welding Cutting Machinery Factory has recently improved the foundation of the original QHT-7/H flame spray gun. Two sets of nozzles are used to use two kinds of heat sources: oxygen, oxygen flames and oxygen, liquefied petroleum gas (home bottle). The use of bottled liquefied petroleum gas as flawed gas can greatly reduce costs and bring greater convenience to spraying operations.
4. The 621 Institute of Gas Burning Spraying Device Aerospace Corporation has been developed from the 1960s. A complete set of gas explosion spraying devices have been placed. Many high -density and high -quality coatings have been sprayed, and the equipment has reached or close to similar foreign products. Beijing Great Wall Titanium Corporation has cooperated with Ukraine in recent years to establish Beijing Titanus New Materials Co., Ltd., a Sino -foreign joint venture, and introduced Ukraine's explosive spray equipment manufacturing technology. Outside users, they have been sold to the United States and Taiwan.
5, oxygen-acetylene flame plastic powder spraying device in recent years, oxygen-acetylene flames, boiling pollination methods, and plastic powder with special spray guns can be used to obtain flat and smooth plastic coating. This provides a new method for large workpieces, various tanks, and pipeline coating plastic coatings. To this end, the Shenyang Hot Spraying Plant, Wuhan Materials Protection Research Institute, and the School of Armored Army Engineering have successively developed different models of flame plastic powder spraying devices, and conducted large -scale construction, which has received good results. Among them, the successful FSP-II plastic powder flame spray gun performance developed by Wuhan Materials Protection Research Institute reached the level of UTP company I-SPRAY-JET spray gun.
6, new plasma spraying guns, Tsinghua University and other units have successfully developed the QZNI high -energy inner hole plasma spray gun. The sedimentary ratio reaches the level of the METCO large inner hole. Recently, the Beijing Institute of Entropy Cole Applied Technology has developed a new type of plasma spray gun in BT-G1, BT-G2, BT-G3, and BT-NI large inner hole spray guns. The cylindrical super fine powder powder and physical method cooling system, the level of domestic plasma spraying equipment has been on a new step, shortening the gap with foreign equipment levels.
7, new sandblasting equipment has been developed successfully in Beijing, Shanghai and other places, and has successfully developed small recyclable sandblast equipment and large environmentally friendly sandblasting equipment, which greatly improves labor conditions and reduces environmental pollution. It has played a positive role in promoting the development of my country's thermal spray technology.
. The new development of the hot spray material
The people call the hot spray material "food" with hot spray. The performance, quality, and variety of spray materials are one of the important standards for measuring the quality of coating, and it is also a key factor affecting economic benefits. Although the hot spray materials in my country have started late, they have developed rapidly since the 1970s. At present, more than 40 manufacturers have produced nearly 100 varieties, which can basically meet domestic needs. The thermal spray materials developed and produced by these studies and production units can be divided into (recent new varieties):
1, powder materials Beijing Minemel Research Institute's successful oxidation -oxidation 氧The hotcolic coating material, and the bottom layer of nickel -chromium -aluminum and cobalt oxidation of nickel -chromium and aluminum cobalt that has anti -high temperature oxidation has been widely used on the aviation engine; The item index also meets the requirements; the successful nickel chromium-chromium carbide composite powder materials developed by the Beijing Mineral and Metallurgical Research Institute have been used as a anti-high temperature corrosion-resistant coating on many power plant boiler water and cold wall tubes. The successful development of alumina and aluminum oxide-titanium oxide powder has been widely used on textile machinery and metallurgy equipment. The successful CRB2 powder developed by the plant has initially achieved results The General Institute adopts the XTIC YCR3C2 Zni composite ceramic material developed by the self-spread method, which is suitable for plasma spraying, the hardness of the coating can reach 54HRC, which can resist 800 ° C at high temperature; Widely promoted and applied; the successful development of molybdenum -based alloy powder in Sichuan and other places has been successfully applied to the spray of car synchronization ring.
2, Silk Material Beijing University of Technology has been successfully developed and produced in batches of rare earth elements. The body shape is suitable for arc and flame spraying. The average binding strength of the coating is 50MPa, the pore rate is less than 7%, and the average hardness of the coating is 40-50hrc. Ni-Al alloy wire, and Ni-CR alloy wire (equivalent to the 45ct of TAFA in the United States) for the arc spraying for high temperature corrosion and grinding particles; Organic metal composite coatings successfully replaced the 45ct of TAFA in the United States; Shenyang University of Technology has developed the iron-based alloy alloy arc spraying base silk to replace aluminum bronze wires; Shanghai, Beijing, Zhejiang, Sichuan and other places developed and produced Fe-CR. -Al silk, Al-MG alloy silk, Zn-Al alloy silk, and Pasal alloy silk.
3, plastic powder is based on the development and development of oxygen acetylene flame spraying. On the basis of the powder such as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, etc. Powder has widened the application range of plastic coatings and has been applied in anticorrosive engineering.
4, the rod is introduced into the American ceramic rod spraying material, which has been successfully applied in textile machinery. The domestic trial -made ceramic rods and flexible ceramic silk have been released, and it will soon be promoted to the market. The above materials are new varieties that have appeared in China recently. The development and production of these materials has created favorable conditions for the development of my country's thermal spray technology.
. The new development of thermal spray technology
The hot spray technology has been widely promoted and applied in China. The development trend and characteristics in recent years are:
(1) Large -scale long -term protection technology has been widely used for steel structure parts that have long been exposed to outdoor atmosphere for a long time. Catholic protection has carried out long -term atmospheric anti -corrosion, and has developed rapidly in recent years. Such as TV iron tower, bridge, highway facilities, sluice gates, microbucta, high -voltage power transmission tower, underground cable brackets, voyage label floating drums, vertical wells, and other large projects, all use aluminum, zinc and its alloy methods for anticorrosion. At present, dozens of professional spray plants in China are engaged in this aspect, and the spray area is more than millions of square meters per year. This technology has not only been promoted in China, but also has been well promoted and applied in foreign aid projects.
(2) Use thermal spray technology to repair and strengthen large -scale key equipment and imported components. In recent years, there have been many successful application examples in this regard, such as: one meter and seven rolling machines, high -speed fan rotors, large -scale large -scale rolling machines, large -scale fan rotations, large -scale large -scale turns, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale turns, large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale wind turbines, large -scale large -scale wind turbines, large -scale wind turbines. Squeeze the plunger, large gear, electrode squeeze molding mouth, high -power car crankshaft, etc. The progress of these tasks is to solve the emergency needs of production; the other is to save a large number of foreign exchange.
(3) The application of supersonic flame spray technology With the development and improvement of my country's thermal spray technology, the quality requirements for spray coating are also getting higher and higher. In recent years, high -speed gas (HVOF) method developed by the United States in recent years is a new process method for preparing high -quality coating. Due to the advantages of supersonic flame spraying methods, nearly a dozen equipment has been introduced from abroad in China, and the industrial departments have played an important role in various industrial departments.
(4) Gas degeneration spraying technology is further applied to the spraying technology because the particle flight speed can reach more than 800m/s or more Application in some areas is better than other spraying methods. More than 10 units have been installed in China.
(5) The development of oxygen acetylene flame plastic powder spraying technology has developed rapidly as mentioned earlier. In recent years, many domestic production of oxygen acetylene flame powder spraying equipment has been used. Chemical storage tanks, pipelines, ceramic industries, mud mud frames, guidance rolling rollers in the printing and dyeing industry, coal industry belt -type transport aircraft cast iron trap, petroleum industry gathering equipment, and surface decoration have been well applied to make up for it to make up for it to make up for it The lack of electric spray plastic. A new way is opened for the application of plastic coatings.
(6) The use of heat -spraying technology in chemical anti -corrosion engineering is one of the main reasons for mechanical components to be invalidated by the chemical or electrochemical effects of the surrounding media. It is not only lost to a large amount of metal materials, but it is more difficult to estimate the loss of production, so people attach great importance to chemical anticorrosive work. The hot spray coating is applied to the corrosion medium, especially the strong corrosion of the agglomeration. The main reason for the previous failure to break through was that the perforated agent failed to solve it. As we all know, the spray coating has pores. If the pores are not seized, various acid, alkali, and organic media will be immersed in the pores, causing the coating to fall off and affect the anticorrosive effect. According to the requirements of anticorrosive engineering, my country has recently developed dozens of pore sealing agents such as polyester type, organic polymer type, resin type, plastic type, adhesive dosage type, etc. It is suitable for the corrosion of acid, alkali, salt and organic corrosion. The environment, its use temperature is 80 ~ 350 ℃. The ceramic coating, oxide coating or metal or alloy coating is adopted. According to different media, appropriate pore sealing agents have been used in many chemical corrosive media, and the effect is good. The sealing agent has won a patent and a national invention award. The successful research of these holes has made new progress in the application of thermal spray technology in chemical anticorrosive engineering.
(7) Laser heavy melting technology has begun to apply in recent years. High -frequency induction retreat and vacuum induction heavy melting are only applied within a certain range. Laser re -melting technology has done small area tests a few years ago and has not been widely used. Recently, Tsinghua University has used laser remodeling technology in valve production, and Shanghai Second Textile Machinery Factory has applied laser heavy melting technology to textile machinery.
(8) Thermal spraying technology has also been used in terms of building decoration medical and health care in Sichuan, Shanghai, Shenyang, Yunnan and other places in recent years. After receiving a good results, such as the peacock opening of the Peacock in Shenyang International Shopping Mall uses hot spray technology. With the development and improvement of thermal spray technology, this technology has penetrated into other fields. For example, the biological field uses hot spraying methods to create artificial bones. At present, there are more than 200 domestic clinic, and the effect is very good. In addition, the artificial teeth manufactured by the thermal spray method have also been used.
. Further promotion to the application of hot spray technical significance
On abrasion and corrosion is the main cause of the failure of materials and components. According to relevant data reports, the loss caused by wear and corrosion of developed countries accounted for about 3%to 5%of the total output value of the national economy. In 1993, my country ’s losses caused by corrosion reached more than 100 billion yuan, with an average of as much as 300 million yuan per day. In 1994, the total output value of my country's national economy was 430 billion yuan. If the calculation of 4%was calculated, it was more than 170 billion yuan, and the direct economic benefits of the promotion and application of thermal spray technology during the "8th Five -Year Plan" period were about 3.5 billion yuan. With the further improvement of people's requirements for material performance, more in -depth research and exploration of thermal spray equipment, technology, materials, etc. will be made. According to the data, the hot spraying process as an excellent surface modification technology has broad development prospects, and further promoting and applying this technology is of great significance.
The introduction of plastic
[1] Plastic is a synthetic polymer compound {polymer (polymer)}, which can also be called polymer or giant (), which is also commonly known as commonly known as Plastic (Plastics) or resin (Resin) can freely change the shape. It is a material that is converged by a single raw material to synthesize or synthesis reactions. It consists of synthetic resin and filling, plasticizer, stabilizer, lubricant, and color material. Its main component is synthetic resin. Resin [2] This term was originally named after the lipids secreted by animals and plants, such as rosin, insect glue, etc. At present, resin refers to a high cluster that has not been mixed with various additives. The resin accounts for about 40 % to 100 % of the total weight of the plastic. The basic performance of plastic is mainly determined by the nature of the resin, but additives also plays an important role. Some plastics are basically composed of synthetic resin, without or less additives, such as organic glass, polystyrene, etc. The so -called plastic is actually one of the synthetic resin. The shape is similar to the pine resin in natural resin, but it is called plastic because it is synthesized by the power of chemistry.
If according to the definition of the American Materials Test Association, plastic is a material with high molecular weight organic substances as the main ingredient. It presents a solid shape when processing is completed. Flow) to shape.
Therefore, through this explanation, we can get the following items:
● It is a polymer organic compound
● It can exist in various types, such as liquid solid colloidal solution and other
● It can be formed
● Different types of plastic
● Different use of different monomer compositions. You can use different machining methods (METHOD)
The nouns of plastic and resin are often mixed. Figure 1.1 is the process of plastic production.
FIG. 1.1 Plastic production process
M plastic can be divided into two types of thermosetry and thermal plasticity. There are basically two types of plastic polymer structure: the first is a line structure, and the polymer compound with this structure is called a line -type polymer compound; the second is the body structure, which has a polymerization of this structure. Called as a meta -molecular compound. Some polymers have branches, called support chain polymer, which belong to a line structure. Although some polymers have cross -linking between molecules, they have fewer cross -linking. They are called mesh structures and belong to the body structure.
The molecular structure classification of polymer:
(A) line structure
(b) Line structure (with branches)
(C) mesh structure (molecular chain A small amount of cross -linking)
(d) Body structure (a large number of crosslinks between molecular chains)
, two different structures show two opposite properties. Line -type structure (including branches) Hypersis is elastic and plastic, which can be dissolved in the solvent, heating and melting, and smaller hardness and brittleness in the solvent. Because there is no independent macromolecular existence, there is no elasticity and plasticity because there is no independent macromolecules. It cannot be dissolved and melted. Plastics are common in both structures. They are made of armoplastic plastic by line -type polymer, and thermal plastic is made from the body type polymer.
This plastic and other materials have the following features:
u003C1> Chemical erosion resistance
u003C2> is bright or translucent
u003C3> major parts For good insulators
u003C4> Light and strong and strong
u003C5> Processing is easy to produce in large quantities, cheap
u003C6> Wide, highly effective, easy to color, part of high temperature resistance some high temperature
Plastic is also divided into pan -use plastic and engineering plastics, which are mainly defined by the wide range of uses. For example, PE and PP are cheap and can be used for production on a variety of different types of machines. Engineering plastics are more expensive, but the stability of the raw materials and physical properties are much better. Generally speaking, it has both the characteristics of rigidity and toughness. Table 1.1 is a plastic raw material control table. 1 to 8 is generalized plastic, and the 9th and 10th are agglomerated between the two. It is generally called PP, HDPE, LDPE, PVC and PS as five pan -used plastic.
Table 1.1 Common plastic raw material control table
scientific name
English for short n Chinese scientific name
commonly known as
n
pp
polypropylene
high density
HDPE
Low -density polyethylene
Linear Low Density
LLDPE
Linear low -density polyethylene
npolyvinyl chloride
PVC n polyvinyl chloride n R n
General Purpose
GPPS
The general -class polystyrene n hard glue
n
EPS
Ethylene
Foam glue
high impact
HIPS
R n as, san
r —
transparent and strong glue
n-bitadiene-stylene
ABS
Polymhylene concentration
super fragmentation
PMMA
NethyLene-Vinyl
Eva
The co-polymers of ethylene-acetate ethylene
rubber glue
n
pet
Essence
Colin
PBT
n Polymine nylon
PC
Carbonate trees
BTS
n
POM
Facin aldehyde
Said steel, section of steel
PPO
n
PPS
The polybenzene sulfe ether
r
Edit this paragraph] Plastic characteristics
plastic mainly has the following characteristics:
① Most plastic is light quality, chemical stability, and will not rust; ② good impact resistance; ③ has good transparency and Abrasion resistance; ④ good insulation, low thermal conductivity; ⑤ general moldability, good coloring, low processing costs; ⑥ Poor plastic heat resistance, large thermal expansion rate, and combustion; poor size stability and easy deformation; easy to deform; ⑧ Most plastic is resistant to low temperature, and it becomes crispy at low temperature; ⑨ is easy to aging;
M plastic can be divided into two types of thermal solid and thermal plasticity.
The structure of plastic polymer is basically two types: the first is a line structure, and the polymer compound with this structure is called a line -type polymer compound; the second is the body structure, which has this structure with this structure. High molecularization is collectively referred to as the body type polymer compound. Some polymers have branches, called support chain polymer, which belong to a line structure. Although some polymers have cross -linking between molecules, they have fewer cross -linking. They are called mesh structures and belong to the body structure.
two different structures show two opposite performances. Line -type structure (including branches) Hypersis is elastic and plastic, which can be dissolved in the solvent, heating and melting, and smaller hardness and brittleness in the solvent. Because there is no independent macromolecular existence, there is no elasticity and plasticity because there is no independent macromolecules. It cannot be dissolved and melted. Plastics are common in both structures. They are made of armoplastic plastic by line -type polymer, and thermal plastic is made from the body type polymer.